The laws of the United States lead to the founding of the Native American Church, organized around the ideology of peyote or ‘peyotismo’, but within the structure the religious institutions of the United States. This demonstrates the ability of shamanism to mutate and adapt to different realities.

By 1880, the ceremonies, ritual instruments, and fundamental theology of Peyotism became more uniform, and the religion began to spread throughout Oklahoma. Its spread was influenced by the existence of trade routes that facilitated the supply of peyote, the use of English as a common language among the tribes, contact in prisoner-of-war camps and indigenous boarding schools, and the growing inability of the Christian religions to explain the new conditions in which the natives lived. The most important factor, however, was the role this cactus played in curing disease. The followers of Peyotism believe in a supreme being called the Great Spirit and consider peyote as a sacred sacrament through which they communicate with the Creator.